An example glyph ( logogram) for the named day.Day name, in the standardized and revised orthography of the Guatemalan Academia de Lenguas Mayas.The sequence number of the named day in the Tzolkʼin calendar.Tzolkʼin calendar: named days and associated glyphs Seq. Separately from this, every day is given a name in sequence from a list of 20 day names: Each successive day is numbered from 1 up to 13 and then starting again at 1. It is used to determine the time of religious and ceremonial events and for divination. The tzolkʼin calendar combines twenty day names with the thirteen day numbers to produce 260 unique days. The Aztec calendar equivalent was called Tōnalpōhualli, in the Nahuatl language. The various names of this calendar as used by precolumbian Maya people are still debated by scholars. The word tzolkʼin is a neologism coined in Yucatec Maya, to mean "count of days" (Coe 1992). The tzolkʼin (in modern Maya orthography also commonly written tzolkin) is the name commonly employed by Mayanist researchers for the Maya Sacred Round or 260-day calendar. Repeating sets of 9 days (see below "Nine lords of the night") associated with different groups of deities, animals and other significant concepts are also known. An 819-day Count is attested in a few inscriptions. Less-prevalent or poorly understood cycles, combinations and calendar progressions were also tracked. #Zotz mayan calendar series#Many Maya Long Count inscriptions contain a supplementary series, which provides information on the lunar phase, number of the current lunation in a series of six and which of the nine Lords of the Night rules. The cycles of the Long Count are independent of the solar year. An important exception was made for the second-order place value, which instead represented 18 × 20, or 360 days, more closely approximating the solar year than would 20 × 20 = 400 days. The Maya numeral system was essentially vigesimal (i.e., base-20) and each unit of a given position represented 20 times the unit of the position which preceded it. This calendar involved the use of a positional notation system, in which each position signified an increasing multiple of the number of days. By its linear nature, the Long Count was capable of being extended to refer to any date far into the past or future. The GMT correlation was chosen by John Eric Sydney Thompson in 1935 on the basis of earlier correlations by Joseph Goodman in 1905 (August 11), Juan Martínez Hernández in 1926 (August 12) and Thompson himself in 1927 (August 13). According to the correlation between the Long Count and Western calendars accepted by the great majority of Maya researchers (known as the Goodman-Martinez-Thompson, or GMT, correlation), this starting-point is equivalent to August 11, 3114 BC in the proleptic Gregorian calendar or September 6, in the Julian calendar (−3113 astronomical). It is a count of days since a mythological starting-point. Ī different calendar was used to track longer periods of time and for the inscription of calendar dates (i.e., identifying when one event occurred in relation to others). The Calendar Round is still in use by many groups in the Guatemalan highlands. The Tzolkin was combined with a 365-day vague solar year known as the Haabʼ to form a synchronized cycle lasting for 52 Haabʼ, called the Calendar Round. The 260-day count is known to scholars as the Tzolkin, or Tzolkʼin. The Maya calendar consists of several cycles or counts of different lengths.
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